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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplem | om kaple |
| 2SG: | kaplet | ot kaple |
| 3SG: | kapla | ok/ogeš kaple |
| 1PL: | kaplena | ona/ogə̑na kaple |
| 2PL: | kapleda | oda/ogə̑da kaple |
| 3PL: | kaplat | ogə̑t kaple |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kaple |
| 2SG: | kaplə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaple |
| 3SG: | kaplə̑š | ə̑š kaple |
| 1PL: | kaplə̑šna | ə̑šna kaple |
| 2PL: | kaplə̑šda | ə̑šda kaple |
| 3PL: | kaplə̑št | ə̑št kaple |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplenam | kaplen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaplenat | kaplen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaplen | kaplen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaplenna | kaplen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaplenda | kaplen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaplenə̑t | kaplen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplem ə̑l'e | om kaple ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaplet ə̑l'e | ot kaple ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kapla ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaple ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaplena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaple ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kapleda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaple ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaplat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaple ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplem ulmaš | om kaple ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaplet ulmaš | ot kaple ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kapla ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaple ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaplena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaple ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kapleda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaple ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaplat ulmaš | ogə̑t kaple ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplenam ə̑l'e | kaplen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaplenat ə̑l'e | kaplen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaplen ə̑l'e | kaplen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaplenna ə̑l'e | kaplen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaplenda ə̑l'e | kaplen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaplen ə̑l'e | kaplen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplenam ulmaš | kaplen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaplenat ulmaš | kaplen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaplen ulmaš | kaplen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaplenna ulmaš | kaplen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaplenda ulmaš | kaplen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaplen ulmaš | kaplen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaple | it kaple |
| 3SG: | kaplə̑že | ə̑nže kaple |
| 1PL: | (kaplena) | (ona/ogə̑na kaple) |
| 2PL: | kaplə̑za | ida kaple |
| 3PL: | kaplə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kaple |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplə̑nem | ə̑nem kaple |
| 2SG: | kaplə̑net | ə̑net kaple |
| 3SG: | kaplə̑neže | ə̑než kaple |
| 1PL: | kaplə̑nena | ə̑nena kaple |
| 2PL: | kaplə̑neda | ə̑neda kaple |
| 3PL: | kaplə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kaple |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kaplə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaple ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaplə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaple ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaplə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaple ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaplə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaple ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaplə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaple ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaplə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaple ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaplə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kaple ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaplə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kaple ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaplə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaple ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaplə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaple ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaplaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaplə̑man |
| Active participle: | kaplə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kaplə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaplə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kaplə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaplen |
| Negative gerund: | kaplə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaplə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaplə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaplə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaplə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaplə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||